Diabetes is a progressive and disabled disease, the rate of circulation in which serious alarm doctors around the world.
This disease can be attributed to diseases of civilization, because its main reason lies in the wrong lifestyle that modern people comply with.
Timely diagnosis of diabetes gives patients the opportunity to delay the onset of serious complications. But it is not always possible to recognize the first signs of diabetes. The error of this is the lack of basic knowledge about this disease and the low level of the patient revealed to medical assistance.
Attention! Diabetes is a chronic and not existing disease.
What is diabetes?Diabetes is a group of chronic hormonal diseases, the main manifestations in which are absolute or relative insulin deficiency in the body and hyperglycemia. Due to the disease, all metabolism is disturbed: protein, lipid, carbohydrate, mineral metabolism. A violation of acid-base balance is also observed.
According to statistical data, from 1 to 8% of people with diabetes, but scientists think the number of patients is really much larger. And this number increases every year. The number of children's disease is also increasing.
Attention! Insulin is the only hormone that reduces blood glucose levels and promotes its absorption to cells.
Insulin is produced in pancreatic tissue by its beta cells. Violation of this hormone formation is the result of damage or violations of its absorption by peripheral cells that lead to the fact that diabetes begins.
Classification of diabetesSome types of diabetes are known:
The first import is called insulin dependence. With it, the main incident of hormone insulin develops, leading to hyperglycemia. Typically, the cause of this disease is autoimmune damage to the pancreas.
The second type, formerly known as the insulin, but this definition is not accurate, because with the progression of this type, replacement insulin treatment may be required. In this type of disease, the level of insulin is still normal or even exceeding the norm. However, the cells of the body, first of all, fat cells (fat cells), becomes not sensitive to it, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels.
Attention! The factors that cause the onset of the disease are: serious stress, excessive physical activity, hormonal imbalance, transmission diseases and other significant changes in the body.
Also distinguished:
Gestational diabetes (in pregnant women).
Diabetes as a manifestation of genetic or endocrine disease. In this case, it is diabetes active as a symptom of the disease.
Three severity levels of the disease process are distinguished:
light;
medium;
heavy.
Initial signs of type I diabetesThis type of disease often affects young people and is considered genetic determination. It can express yourself in childhood.
The first signs of type I diabetes are considered:
There are many things to increase appetite, there are many needs, but at the same time a person does not gain weight or lose weight without effort and special diet. This is due to the energy incident in cells, its cause is reducing glucose absorption.
Escape night urination and daily diuretic, corresponding, enhancing liquid consumption. Multiple urinary diseases occur with an increase in osmotic urine pressure due to an increase in glucose into the urine.
The sudden appearance of serious thirst, so a person drinks up to 5 liters of liquid a day. Polydipsy has some development mechanisms. The first is to supplement the diuretic deficit, and the second is done with the stimulation of the osmoredepptors in the hypothalamus.
The appearance of acetonemia, the signs of the smell of acetone from the mouth, the urine has the smell of rotten apple. Acetonemia occurs when the sugar forms energy from carbohydrates to fat in the condition of glucose deficiency in cells. At the same time, Ketone's body is formed and toxic affecting the body. Symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting are related to their effects.
With the progression of ketoacidotic state, the first symptom of the original disease is diabetes coma.
In general increasing weaknesses and increasing fatigue due to weakening metabolism, energy of the body cells and the accumulation of toxic metabolism.
Violating vision in the form of dim and vague objects of objects, redness of conjunctiva and carved in the eyes.
Itching skin, the formation of minor erosion on the skin and mucous membranes, not healed for a long time.
Excessive hair loss.
The first type of diabetes is characterized in that it manifests itself strongly, suddenly and usually only acute symptoms in the form of serious ketoacidosis disease up to a coma to read this diagnosis.
Initial symptoms of type II diabetesThe second type of diabetes develops in people of more adult age, overweight or obese. Their mechanism for pathological development is that fat cells are overwhelmed with fat and increase in size. The result of this, the quantity and quality of receptors to change insulin, leading to insensitivity or hormone resistance. Under such conditions, glucose is not absorbed.
In the early stages of the second type diabetes, the increase in the synthesis of insulin insulin arising by the pancreas, but as the disease progressed, this reserve was exhausted and the absolutely developed insulin treatment system.
One characteristic of this disease is that its symptoms in the early stages of diabetes cannot see a person for a long time. Most people explain their health decline in changes related to age, overwork and not starting with diabetes. The late appeal related to the disease is also explained by slower progression and eliminating symptoms compared to type I.
Authority to settle! Usually type II diabetes are diagnosed by accident when applying for another pathology or in a prevention test.
Among the first symptoms of diabetes, the most common is as follows:
Polydipsy is expressed by increasing alcohol to 4-5 liters a day. Such serious thirst is more frequent in patients of adulthood. In old age, the insensitivity to the thirst is observed.
Multiurian disease, especially the frequent urgency for urination, is observed at night.
Improve body weight.
Increase appetite especially for sweet food.
The weakness is increasing, drowsiness, fatigue.
Itching skin, especially in the perineum and genitals.
Perfection and numbness in the lower limbs and palms due to the development of diabetes.
Pain and fatigue in the foot when walking, a rare hair roots, cooling the limbs due to the failure of the ships.
Furnunkulosis, Candida fungus of skin and mucous membranes, cracks are not infected with long -term illness, wounds, scratches. Other skin symptoms of the disease are: Dermatopi disease has diabetes, bubbles, xanthomes, lipoid necrosis, neuritis. All this is a consequence of the skin's weakened regeneration and reduces the immune response.
Periodontal disease and recurrent stomatitis.
The vision decline is the result of the toxic effect of high glucose concentration in the blood (retinopathy, cataract). As a rule, with the second type of diabetes, eye damage occurs much later than the first time.
Regular recurrence of urinary tract infections, especially pyelonephritis, caused by hyperglycemia and urinary glucos.
Signs of diabetes in childrenVery often, type I diabetes I diagnosed during the development of acute complications in a small patient - diabetes ketoacidosis or ketoacidotic coma. Parents should pay attention if their children have regular ketosis or vomiting syndrome is treated. This situation develops in many people who are vulnerable to children's donation of language syndrome. It is worse due to acute respiratory virus infection, infectious diseases and can lead to dehydration due to vomiting. But this syndrome passed by when the child grew up.
If the ketosis occurs under a year or lasting over 7 years old, the endocrinologist should be checked. However, experts consulted any expression of acetonymousia to pass blood tests for glucose.
The first sign of pathological pathology in children is:
Polygamy;
Polydipsy;
Sharp weight loss.
If these symptoms of diabetes cannot be recognized, a child may develop ketoacidosis with such typical symptoms:
Stomach-ache;
vomiting, nausea;
dry skin;
regular breathing;
dizzy;
Acetone smell in the air exhaled, urine, vomiting;
Indifferent and sleepy sects;
Loss of consciousness.
Important! If the symptoms of Ketoacidosis appear, you need to urgently seek emergency medical help!
The beginning of diabetes in menIn the field of the genitals of men with this disease, there are also changes due to conservation weakness (neuropathy) and blood supply to reproductive organs. Such symptoms are characteristic:
reduce libido;
weakening unstable erection;
Infertility is due to reducing movement ability and the number of feasible sperm forms.
It also often has itching in the genitals due to the discomfort of sweat secret with high glucose concentration.
Diabetes disorders in womenA series of signs of this disease are observed with damage to women's reproductive organs:
reducing sexual interest;
irregular menstruation;
The dry and itching of the mucous membranes of the vagina's genitals and candidiasis;
no fetal infection;
Infertility.
In pregnant women, a special type of diabetes sometimes occurs - pregnancy. Therefore, when observing a pregnant woman, the doctor must direct the woman to promptly check the mouth tolerance and regularly monitor the analysis of urine in general to detect the urinary glucos.
What to do when identifying symptoms of diabetes?It is best to contact an endocrine doctor, who will tell you which exams you need to go through to confirm the diagnosis. Exams in the laboratory include:
Blood tests for glucose level when hungry:
Oral test tolerance for glucose to detect prediabetes;
Blood test for glycosylated hemoglobin;
Urine analysis for urinary glucos;
Urine analysis for acetone.
Other laboratory and tools are used to identify complications of the disease.
Therefore, it is necessary to be responsible for health status to identify the first signs of diabetes over time.
